Publicaciones Luis Medina Medina
Memorias VI Congreso Mesoamericano sobre Abejas Nativas
Actividad Antimicrobiana y Origen Botánico en Mieles de Melipona beecheii,
Scaptotrigona pectoralis y Apis mellifera del Estado de Yucatán
Catzín Ventura Gloria A., Alfaro Bates Rita, Medina Medina Luis A., Delgado Herrera María A.
Resumen
Se analizaron palinológicamente mieles producidas por tres especies de abejas
(A. mellifera, M. beecheii y S. pectoralis) que exhibieron actividad inhibitoria (AA)sobre cuatro bacterias patógenas (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli y Pseudomona aeruginosa). Las mieles fueron colectadas en el estado de Yucatán (México), durante los meses de Octubre del 2007 a Marzo del 2008. En general, las mieles de las abejas nativas mostraron mayor AA. La bacteria que resultó inhibida por la miel de las 3 especies de abejas fue S. aureus, mientras que E. coli fue la que mostró mayor resistencia. Las mieles de A. mellifera y M. beecheii clasificadas como uniflorales, presentaron AA contra un mayor número de bacterias, mientras que las mieles de S. pectoralis mostraron AA tanto en las mieles uniflorales como multiflorales. Se identificaron un total de 16 tipos polínicos pertenecientes a 9 familias, en la miel colectada durante este período para las tres especies de abejas. Los resultados indican que las mieles provenientes de las dos especies de abejas nativas presentaron una mayor AA, en comparación con la registrada para A. mellifera. La variabilidad intra-especifica de la actividad antimicrobiana de las mieles estudiadas puede ser debido a su origen floral.
Palabras clave: Actividad antimicrobiana, abejas nativas, miel, origen botánico,
Yucatán.
Medina, M.L.; Martin, S.J. (1999) A comparative study of Varroa
jacobsoni reproduction in worker cells of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in England and Africanized bees in Yucatan, Mexico.
Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 659-667.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006275525463
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate an underlying mechanism of the
apparent tolerance of Africanized honey bees (AHB) to Varroa jacobsoni mites in Mexico. This was achieved by conducting the
first detailed study into the mites’ reproductive biology in AHB worker cells.
The data was then compared directly with a similar study previously carried out
on European honey bees (EHB) in the UK. A total of 1071 singly infested AHB
worker cells were analyzed and compared with the data from 908 singly infested
EHB worker cells. There was no significant difference between the number of
mother mites dying in the cells (AHB=2.0%, EH=1.8%); the mean number of eggs
laid per mite (AHB= 4.86, EHB= 4.93); the number of mites producing no
offspring (AHB= 12%, EHB= 9%); and developmental times of the offspring in
worker cells of AHB and EHB. However, there was a major difference between the
percentage of mother mites producing viable adult female offspring (AHB= 40%, EHB=
75%). This was caused by the increased rate of mite offspring mortality
suffered by the first (male) and second (female) offspring in AHB worker cells.
Therefore, only an average of 0.7 viable adult female offspring are produced
per mite in AHB, compared to 1.0 in EHB.
Medina, M.L.; Martin, S.J.; Espinosa-Montaño, L; Ratnieks,
F.L.W. (2002) Reproduction of Varroa destructor in worker brood of Africanised honey bees (Apis mellifera). Experimental and
Applied Acarology 27: 79-88.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1021579113907
Abstract
Reproduction and population growth of Varroa destructor was studied in ten naturally infested,
Africanized honeybee (AHB) (Apis
mellifera) colonies in Yucatan, Mexico. Between February 1997 and January
1998 monthly records of the amount of pollen, honey, sealed worker and drone
brood were recorded. In addition, mite infestation levels of adult bees and
worker brood and the fecundity of the mites reproducing in worker cells were
determined. The mean number of sealed worker brood cells (10,070 ± 1,790)
remained fairly constant over the experimental period in each colony. However,
the presence and amount of sealed drone brood was very variable. One colony had
drone brood for 10 months and another for only 1 month. Both the mean
infestation level of worker brood (18.1 ± 8.4%) and adult bees (3.5 ± 1.3%)
remained fairly constant over the study period and did not increase rapidly as
is normally observed in European honey bees. In fact, the estimated mean number
of mites fell from 3,500 in February 1997 to 2,380 in January 1998. In May 2000
the mean mite population in the study colonies was still only 1,821 mites. The
fertility level of mites in this study was much higher (83–96%) than in AHB in
Brazil(25–57%), and similar to that found in EHB (76–94%). Mite fertility
remained high throughout the entire study and was not influenced by the amount
of pollen, honey or worker brood in the colonies.
Correa-Marques, M.H.; Medina, M.L.; Martin, S.J.; De Jong, D.
(2003) Comparing data on the
reproduction of Varroa. Genetics and
Molecular Research 2: 1-6.
http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/year2003/vol1-2/gmr0032_abstract.htm
Abstract
Varroa destructor reproductive success is considered an
important character for determining the resistance of honey bees to this mite
parasite. However, most of the published data are not comparable due to the
different methods of ascertaining and reporting reproduction. A recently
published technique that involves reconstructing mite families in older worker
brood gives repeatable and reliable parameters. This methodology was used to
compare various categories of reproduction of approximately 1,000 V. destructor
females in each of three studies on Africanized bees in Brazil and Mexico and
European bees in England. The most objective and useful measure was the
determination of the number of viable females per female that had invaded the
worker brood in singly infested cells, which was denominated the “effective
reproduction rate”. Viable females are those that can reach the adult stage and
have a mate available. The effective reproduction rate in worker brood was
0.64, 0.73 and 1.01 in Brazil, Mexico and England, respectively.
Standardization of reproduction determination techniques would make published
data comparable and much more useful.
Martin, S.J.; Medina, L.M. (2004) Africanized honeybees possess unique tolerance to Varroa
mites. Trends in Parasitology. 20(3): 112-114.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492204000169?via%3Dihub
Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite of the adult
honeybee, which parasitizes the bee brood. This mite has killed millions of
honeybee Apis mellifera colonies, worldwide, eliminating wild populations throughout
Europe and North America, and resulting in the loss of billions of dollars in
agricultural production. The Africanized honeybee (AHB) has a unique tolerance
to V. destructor that is not present in the A.
mellifera European honeybee (EHB), from which the AHB hybrid was derived.
This unexpected tolerance mechanism provides a valuable insight into the
evolution of host–parasite interactions….
May-Itzá, W. de J.; Medina, M.L.;
Marrufo, O.J. (2007) Effectiveness
of a thymol based gel for the control of Varroa
destructor mite that infests Apis
mellifera honey bee colonies, under tropical conditions in Yucatan, Mexico.
Veterinaria México 38 (1): 1-8.
Abstract
The effectiveness of a thymol based gel (12.5 g of thymol in 50 g of
gel) for controlling Varroa destructor
in commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera)
colonies under tropical conditions was evaluated. Three groups of honey bee
colonies were used, the first group received one tray containing thymol gel
(G1), the second group received two trays with thymol gel (G2) and the third
group (control) received no treatment (G3).The application of the gels was
repeated twice with two weeks between treatments. In total G1 received 2 trays
and G2 received 4 trays of thymol gels, thus the honey bee colonies and the
mites were exposed to the thymol gels during 30 days. The mite infestation
levels in adult bees and capped brood were registered before and after the application
of the treatments in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the thymol based
gels. The effectiveness of the treatments estimated for adult bees was 97% and
93% for G1 y G2, respectively, and in the capped brood the effectiveness was
94% and 95% for both groups respectively. The results show that the application
of one thymol gel (G1) tray with a second application in a 15 days interval (total
of two trays) can eliminate ≈95% of the mites in honey bee colonies under
tropical conditions and thus can be used as an alternative method for the
apiculturist of this region to control this parasite.
Martínez Puc, J.F.; Medina, M.L.
(2011) Evaluation of the resistance
of the mite Varroa destructor to the fluvalinate
in colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera)
in Yucatan, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias
Pecuarias 2(1): 93-99.
http://cienciaspecuarias.inifap.gob.mx/index.php/Pecuarias/article/view/1451
Abstract
The constant application of pyrethroids for controlling the mite Varroa destructor has caused the
appearance of populations of resistant mites to this product in several parts
of the world. With the purpose of detecting the possible existence of
populations of resistant mites to the fluvalinate in the State of Yucatan, one
of the main honey producer states in Mexico, 12 samples were gathered from each
apiary, selecting four apiaries where fluvalinate was used in constant way for
the control of V. destructor during
five years, and a similar quantity of samples coming from apiaries where methods
of alternative control have been used during a similar time. To determine from
the mites the percentage of mortality to the fluvalinate, they were exposed to
a piece of 2.5 x 1.0 cm from Apistan® at 10%, during 24 h. The percentage of
mortality of varroas coming from apiaries treated in a constant way with
fluvalinate was of 83.6 ± 0.51 %, lower to the percentage of mortality obtained
in apiaries that only received alternative treatment which was of 93.9 ± 1.98
%, existing differences between both groups (t=-3.93, P=0.01, gl= 46). This
means a reduction in the percentage of mortality obtained with the fluvalinate.
However, this reduction still does not reach the necessary levels that can
define the presence of resistant mites, being important to change the practices
that seem to reduce the levels of infestation of V. destructor. Then it is advisable the application of methods of
alternative control which don’t cause the resistance development in the
populations of mites.
